LEZIONE 13: LESSICO DI BASE
Parte del lessico di base è già emerso nelle unità precedenti. Ora cercheremo di apprendere nuove parole in maniera sistematica, secondo una suddivisione per argomenti: Descrizione delle persone e del loro carattere La casa e gli oggetti dentro casa Il cibo I trasporti e la strada I mezzi di comunicazione
DESCRIZIONE DELLE PERSONE E DEL LORO CARATTERE A-MY GIRLFRIEND’S NAME IS SARAH. B-WHAT DOES SHE LOOK LIKE? Per chiedere a qualcuno che aspetto ha una persona si dice così.
A-SHE IS BEAUTIFUL, WELL, GOOD LOOKING. SHE IS TALL AND SLIM. B-HOW TALL IS SHE? A-SHE IS ABOUT 1 METRE 70. B-HOW MUCH DOES SHE WEIGH? A-THIS IS NOT A KIND QUESTION FOR A WOMAN! ANYWAY, SHE’S ABOUT 50 KILOS. SHE HAS FAIR HAIR. IT’S LONG AND CURLY. SHE’S GOT BLUE EYES. BEAUTIFUL IS USED TO DESCRIBE WOMEN, HANDSOME TO DESCRIBE MEN. IF YOU SAY GOOD-LOOKING IT IS FOR BOTH. PRETTY USUALLY DESCRIBES GIRLS AND MEANS ATTRACTIVE. UGLY IS THE OPPOSITE OF BEAUTIFUL, BUT IT’S A NEGATIVE WORD. PLAIN IS MORE POLITE WORD. PEOPLE HAVE DIFFERENT HEIGHTS AND BUILDS. THEY MAY BE TALL, MEDIUM HEIGHT, SHORT AND SLIM, MEDIUM BUILD OR FAT. IF THEY ARE STRONG MAYBE THEY ARE VERY MUSCULAR. IF YOU ARE FAT IT MEANS YOU ARE OVERWEIGHT. YOUR HAIR MAY BE STRAIGHT, WAVY OR CURLY, OR YOU MAY EVEN BE BALD. IF YOU ARE FAIR-HAIRED IT MEANS YOU ARE BLONDE OR LIGHT BROWN, WHEREAS IF YOU ARE DARK-HAIRED YOU MIGHT BE DARK BROWN OR BLACK. HAIR IS BLEACHED WHEN YOU HAVE NOT YOUR
NATURAL COLOUR. IF YOU’RE GETTING OLD YOUR HAIR MIGHT BE GREY. IF SKIN IS WHITE WE SAY PALE SKIN. THE OPPOSITE IS DARK SKIN. MEN MAY HAVE A BEARD AND MOUSTACHE AND EVEN A HAIRY CHEST. WOMEN ARE SUPPOSED TO BE WITHOUT HAIR. A-THIS MORNING WE MET OUR NEW MANAGING DIRECTOR. B-DID YOU! AND WHAT’S HE LIKE? A-AS A MATTER OF FACT, HE JUST STAYED FEW MINUTES WITH US, BUT I GOT QUITE A GOOD IMPRESSION OF HIM. HE LOOKS WARM AND FRIENDLY, RELAXED AND EASY-GOING. B-SO, NOTHING TO DO WITH MR. ROBERTSON, YOUR OLD BOSS. HE WAS SO COLD AND UNKIND. HE WAS MEAN, NERVOUS AND EVEN LOOKED MISERABLE. ESERCIZIO 13 TRADUCI IN ITALIANO:
ENGLISH WARM FRIENDLY COLD NICE UNFRIENDLY HORRIBLE HONEST STRONG WEAK GENEROUS MEAN CHEERFUL MISERABLE OPTIMISTIC PESSIMISTIC TENSE RELAXED EASY-GOING SENSITIVE
ITALIAN
Gli aggettivi dell’esercizio precedente descrivono il carattere di una persona. Vediamo ora alcuni aggettivi che si riferiscono all’atteggiamento che può avere qualcuno in determinate situazioni: lavorativa, sociale, ecc.
A HARD-WORKING MAN IS SOMEONE WHO WORKS A LOT AND LOVES HIS JOB. THE OPPOSITE IS LAZY, WHICH REFERS TO THOSE WHO NEVER DO ANY WORK. IF YOU ARE PUNCTUAL IT MEANS YOU ARE ALWAYS ON TIME, NOT LATE AND YOU MIGHT AS WELL BE RELIABLE. CLEVER PEOPLE ARE VERY DIFFERENT FROM STUPID PEOPLE: THEY ARE FLEXIBLE, AMBITIOUS AND SELF-CONFIDENT. IF YOU ARE SHY AND RESERVED YOU FIND IT DIFFICULT TO TALK TO PEOPLE. ESERCIZIO 14 Descrivi le persone nelle sei figure. Per ciascuna devi descrivere le caratteristiche fisiche (il viso) e quelle di carattere, basandoti su ciò che vedi nelle foto:
LA CASA E GLI OGGETTI DENTRO CASA Ricorda che casa si dice HOUSE quando si intende l’edificio, mentre si traduce HOME quando si intendono le mura domestiche, il focolare.
I LIVE IN A BLOCK OF FLATS. MY BROTHER LIVES IN A DETACHED HOUSE. THERE IS NO LIFT BUT FORTUNATELY I LIVE ON THE GROUND FLOOR. MY HOUSE IS IN THE TOWN CENTRE WHEREAS MY BROTHER LIVES IN A SUBURB. MY FLAT HAS A BALCONY WITH A WONDERFUL VIEW OF A CHURCH.
ESERCIZI 15/16 Inserisci la traduzione italiana o inglese a seconda dei casi:
ITALIAN
ENGLISH
CONDOMINIO ROOF CEILING FLOOR CENTRO CITTA’ CANCELLO WINDOW TERZO PIANO DOOR SEMI-DETACHED HOUSE HEATING TERRAZZO SCALE AERIAL CHIMNEY MORTGAGE VISTA RENT TENANT PROPRIETARIO
Le stanze da cui è spesso composta una casa sono:
LIVING-ROOM / LOUNGE DINING ROOM KITCHEN BATHROOM STUDY UTILITY ROOM BEDROOMS Gli oggetti che si trovano dentro casa sono prima di tutto il mobilio, ingl. FURNITURE: Ricorda che questa parola è non numerabile, quindi vuole il verbo alla 3° singolare.
ESERCIZIO 17 In quale stanza si trovano di solito questi mobili o elettrodomestici:
PIECE OF FURNITURE , OBJECTS AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE DISHWASHER DESK ARMCHAIRS CARPET CURTAINS SINK CUPBOARD
WHERE DO YOU USUALLY FIND IT?
BED CHAIRS BEDSIDE TABLE WASHING MACHINE FOOD MIXER WARDROBE OVEN HAIR-DRYER BOOK-CASE WASHBASIN TABLE MIRROR CHANDELIER TV SET TELEPHONE SOFA PAINTING LAMP CANDLESTICK DISHES REMOTE CONTROL VASE FRIDGE COOKER KETTLE BATH SAUCEPAN COMPUTER DUSTBIN CALENDAR CIBO
I LIKE EATING VERY MUCH. MY FAVOURITE FOOD IS MEAT, BUT I USUALLY EAT EVERYTHING. WHEN I GET UP IN THE MORNING I HAVE A RICH BREAKFAST: MILK WITH BISCUITS, AN ORANGE JUICE, AND SOME TOASTS WITH MARMALADE. ON SUNDAYS I SOMETIMES HAVE EGGS AND BACON IF I AM WITH ALL MY FAMILY.
AT LUNCH I SELDOM EAT JUST A SANDWICH. IT’S NOT ENOUGH FOR ME: I HAVE A SALAD, WITH LETTUCE, ONIONS, RICE, TOMATOES, CHEESE, CARROTS AND PEAS. DO YOU THINK IT IS TOO MUCH? I HOPE NOT, IN FACT I FINISH MY LUNCH WITH A PIECE OF CAKE AND A CUP OF COFFEE. I USUALLY HAVE DINNER AT 8.00, AND SINCE MY APPETITE IS VERY STRONG I HAVE TWO DISHES. FIRST I HAVE SOME SPAGHETTIS AS A MAIN COURSE, AND THEN I EAT A STEAK WITH CHIPS, OR FISH ( I LIKE SALMON AND TROUT), OR SOME BOILED VEGETABLES. THIS HAPPENS ALMOST EVERY DAY, EXCEPT AT WEEKENDS, WHEN I OFTEN EAT OUT WITH MY GIRLFRIEND AND HAVE NOTHING BECAUSE SHE TELLS ME I AM SO FAT AND THINKS I AM ON A DIET. ESERCIZIO 18 Leggi il menù e scegli il tuo pranzo preferito:
FOOD CAULIFLOWER CABBAGE POTATOES VEAL LAMB BEEF AUBERGINES COURGETTES BEANS LOBSTER CRABS MUSSELS PINEAPPLE PEAR APPLE PORK PEACH WINE LEMONADE
YES OR NO
I TRASPORTI E LA STRADA THE MOST COMMON MEANS OF TRANSPORT ARE VEHICLES. THIS WORD IS USED FOR ALL TYPES OF ROAD TRANSPORT, SUCH AS BUSES, CARS, LORRIES, VANS, MOTORBIKES, BYCICLES, COACHES AND SO ON. OTHER COMMON MEANS OF TRANSPORT ARE TRAIN, PLANE AND BOAT. YOU CAN GET INTO A CAR AND GET OUT OF IT, BUT AFTER YOU GET ON A BUS YOU MUST GET OFF. THE SAME IS FOR TRAINS, PLANES AND BYCICLES. WHEN YOU WANT TO USE YOUR CAR YOU CAN FIND IT INSIDE A GARAGE, IN A CAR PARK OR SIMPLY ALONG THE ROAD, BUT IF YOU WANT TO TAKE A TRAIN OR A PLANE, YOU MUST GO TO A RAILWAY STATION OR TO AN AIRPORT. PASSENGERS WAIT THEIR TRAIN AT A PLATFORM AND THEIR PLANE IN A WAITING ROOM BUT IF THEY ARE LATE THEY MISS IT. WHEN YOU ARE DRIVING IN THE CENTRE, YOU MUST BE VERY CAUTIOUS AND LOOK AT ROAD SIGNS. THEY HELP YOU TO DRIVE SAFELY AND TO AVOID ACCIDENTS. IF YOU DON’T BRAKE IN TIME YOU RUN THE RISK TO CRASH INTO ANOTHER CAR. DRIVERS GET USUALLY VERY ANGRY WHEN THEIR CAR BREAKS DOWN OR DURING RUSH HOURS IN THE MIDDLE OF TERRIBLE TRAFFIC JAMS. ESERCIZIO 19 TRADUCI IN INGLESE SEGUENDO LA TRACCIA DELLA SECONDA COLONNA:
ITALIANO
INGLESE
LAVORI STRADALI AUTOSTRADA CURVA PONTE PEDONI LIMITE DI VELOCITA’ CINTURA SICUREZZA GIRARE A SINISTRA STAZIONE SERVIZIO STRADA SENSO UNICO MARCIAPIEDE AVVIARE IL MOTORE
R_ _DWORK_ _ _ _ _ R_AY BE_ _ BR_ _ _ _ PED_ _ _ TRIA _ _ SP_ _ _ L_ _ _ _ SE_ _ BE _ _ TU_ _ ON THE _ _ _ _ P_ _RO_ ST_ _ _ _ N O_ _ W_ _ S_ R_ _ _ P_ _ _ME_T ST_ _T THE E_ _ _ N_
INGLESE
FRIZIONE CORSIA DI SORPASSO
CL_ _ _ _ FA_ _ L_ _ _
I MEZZI DI COMUNICAZIONE ESERCIZIO 20 PROVA A TRADURRE LE PAROLE RELATIVE A QUESTI MEZZI DI COMUNICAZIONE E A MEMORIZZARNE IL PIÙ POSSIBILE:
NEWSPAPER
TELEVISION
TELEPHONE
DAILY WEEKLY TO BE PUBLISHED POPULAR PRESS QUALITY PRESS FOREIGN NEWS HOME NEWS BUSINESS NEWS FEATURES EDITOR JOURNALISTS REVIEWS WEATHER FORECAST PHOTOGRAPHS
CHANNELS TO TURN OVER TO PLUG IN TO TURN ON/OFF TO TURN UP/DOWN REMOTE CONTROL DOCUMENTARY COMEDY SERIES CURRENT AFFAIRS PROGRAMME CABLE TV COMMERCIALS TV LICENCE LIVE
MOBILE PHONE DIRECTORY ANSWERPHONE LINE TO DIAL TO PUT S.O. THROUGH TO GIVE A RING COLLECT CALL LONG DISTANCECALL LOCAL CALL WRONG NUMBER PHONE BOX OPERATOR FAX MACHINE
PHONE CONVERSATIONS: A- HELLO B- IS THAT PAUL? Per chiedere se chi risponde è quella persona usa solo questa formula: IS THAT…?
A- YES. B- HELLO PAUL. IT’S RUTH. Per confermare che siete la persona cercata, rispondete così: IT’S…
A- GOOD AFTERNOON. JOHNSON AND TURNER. B- GOOD AFTERNOON. CAN I SPEAK TO MR. FREEMAN, PLEASE? A- YES. WHO’S CALLING, PLEASE? B- MY NAME IS JOHN GAMBLE.
A- JUST A MOMENT. I WILL PUT YOU THROUGH. Questo tipo di telefonata è più formale.
ESERCIZIO 21 Rispondi a queste domande:
1. Do you sometimes read newspapers? 2. Do you prefer home news or sports news? 3. Do you watch TV? 4. What are your favourite programmes at the moment? 5. Do you like soap operas? 6. Do you pay your TV licence? 7. Do you watch football matches live or just some recorded highlights? 8. What is your phone number?
FINE CORSO 1
